Pet Vaccination Guide: What Your Dog or Cat Needs and When

Vaccines are one of the most effective and affordable ways to protect your pet from serious, sometimes fatal, diseases. Understanding which shots your pet needs, and when, helps you stay ahead of problems instead of reacting to them.

Core Vaccines for Dogs

Core vaccines are recommended for nearly every dog. They protect against canine distemper, parvovirus, adenovirus (hepatitis) and rabies. Puppies usually start their series at six to eight weeks of age, with boosters given every two to four weeks until they are around 16 weeks old. A booster at one year follows, and after that many dogs move to a schedule of every one to three years depending on the vaccine and local law.

Core Vaccines for Cats

Cats are typically vaccinated against feline panleukopenia, feline herpesvirus and calicivirus (often combined as the FVRCP vaccine), plus rabies. Kittens follow a similar series of boosters to puppies. Cats that go outdoors or live with other cats may also need protection against feline leukemia virus (FeLV).

Non-Core Vaccines

Some vaccines depend on lifestyle and location. Dogs that visit boarding kennels, groomers or dog parks may benefit from the Bordetella (kennel cough) and canine influenza vaccines. Dogs in areas with ticks may need Lyme disease protection. Your veterinarian can help you weigh the risks for your pet.

Tips for Vaccination Day

• Keep a written record of every vaccine, including dates and batch details.
• Tell your vet about any past reactions, such as facial swelling, vomiting or lethargy.
• Avoid strenuous exercise on the day of the shot and watch your pet for the next 24 hours.
• Mild tiredness or a sore injection site is common, but difficulty breathing, repeated vomiting or swelling needs immediate veterinary attention.

Do Indoor Pets Need Vaccines?

Yes. Many viruses can enter the home on shoes or clothing, and rabies vaccination is required by law in many places. Pets can also escape or need emergency boarding unexpectedly. Staying current on core vaccines is a simple safety net.

This article is for general information and does not replace advice from a licensed veterinarian.