Constant scratching, licking and chewing is not just annoying for your pet. It is often a sign of an underlying allergy or skin condition, and the resulting damage can lead to painful infections. Skin problems are among the top reasons pets visit the veterinarian.
Main Types of Allergies
- Flea allergy dermatitis: A reaction to proteins in flea saliva. Even a single bite can cause intense itching, especially around the base of the tail.
- Environmental allergies (atopy): Reactions to pollen, dust mites or mold, often seasonal and showing up on the paws, face, ears and belly.
- Food allergies: Usually a reaction to a protein source such as beef, chicken or dairy. They cause year-round itching and sometimes digestive upset.
- Contact allergies: Reactions to cleaning products, certain fabrics or plants.
Signs to Look For
- Scratching, biting or licking the paws and body
- Red, inflamed or scabbed skin
- Hair loss and hot spots
- Recurring ear infections
- Scooting or rubbing the face on furniture and carpet
Diagnosis and Treatment
Your vet will start by ruling out parasites and infections. Food allergies are diagnosed through a strict elimination diet trial lasting about eight to twelve weeks, since blood and saliva tests are not considered reliable for this purpose. Environmental allergies can be managed with antihistamines in some cases, newer targeted anti-itch medications, medicated shampoos, omega-3 fatty acids and, for some pets, allergen-specific immunotherapy.
Everyday Management
- Keep up with year-round flea prevention.
- Wipe paws and coat after walks to remove pollen.
- Wash bedding weekly in hot water.
- Bathe with a vet-recommended shampoo if advised.
- Avoid giving human medications without your vet’s guidance, since some are toxic to pets.
Persistent itching needs professional evaluation. Early treatment prevents secondary infections and keeps your pet comfortable.
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